Peyton Manning pre snap keys Run-prime and pass 2010

	R: Colts Advanced Scouting for Colts-Jets playoff game January 8, 2011
	Outline in Advance Scouting on blog
Manning shotgun pre snap keys:
	Backfielder run-prime
	-Manning is more upright, does not bend knees forward prior to snap.
	(his only forward knee movement, if any, is to receive snap)
Best key:	Manning head is in front of knee
	Pass plays
	Manning noticeably bends knees forward well in advance of snap
	Manning also does a semi squat with butt that is noticeable
Best key:	Manning's head is over knee


Colts-Titans December 9, 2010
	Manning's head	Manning's head
Time	In front of knee	Over knee	Run-prime	Pass
First quarter

14:56 s		X	X
	Manning sets up for pass.
	Manning gives a little nod to Brown. This is critical. When you see this, (player is prime)
	Then Manning does big nods to left side. Those big nods are always phony.
	It's a distraction move that Manning wants you to see.
	Phony big nods happen one of two ways. Manning signals and has big nods.
	Player signals and Manning replies with big nods.
14:32 s		X		X
	Phony big nods in direction of Garcon
14:00 s		X		X
	On huddle break, Manning sneaks in a little nod to 84, while he is directing traffic.
	Nods are probably just a confirmation of call in huddle. It's always a prime call.
13:36 s	X		X
	Manning upper body more vertical when handing off in shotgun.
10:21 s	X		X
	Manning's pre snap key shows back to be involved directly in play.
	As soon as Brown leaves Manning (no longer possible runner), he becomes prime.
10:10 s		X	X
	Brown is staring intently at Manning. Manning is appearing to ignore him.
	Manning gives a little nod to Brown as walks by with Tamme.
7:03 s		X		X
5:45 s		X		X
	After play given in huddle, Tamme gives little nod followed by bigger nod.
	Manning is set up for pass so you know it's play action.
Second quarter
14:50 s		X
	Sacked but a good example of pass set up.

	Just to clarify Manning Head Nods:

	No huddle: Manning uses a small nod while looking directly at key player
	Small nod: isolates player for (run-prime) if backfielder or (prime) is receiver
	- this is done with a lot of distraction (big nods, hand signals, players moving across Manning
	- hand directions follow, giving run direction, pass route, where pass is going


	Large nod: simply a distraction, meant to be noticed by defense
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Prescott Shotgun pre snap keys

	Tony Romo mentioned that opponents were picking up Dallas bootlegs.
	- tried to check out what might be tipping them off


	Quarterbacks and running backs usually meet somewhere in the middle.
	- if running back setback is 7 yards from line, the meeting point is approx. 3 ½ yards off line

	Prescott keys roll out:
	Play action location: - deeper in backfield (2/3 of running back's distance from line or 5 yards back)
	- verses a normal depth of play action of about 3 ½ yards off the line.

	Because of this deep exchange:
	- Prescott begins early body lean toward bootleg direction
	- before play action happens
	- similar to running back side lean on counter runs

	What you want to show is a qb direct straight line back to (hand off or play action) area
	- then the qb starts his lean to setup his bootleg

Cowboys-Chargers November 23, 2017

Snap time	Down/Yards	Deeper play action location	Body lean (side of bootleg)	Bootleg

First quarter
05:18:00	First 10	X	X	X


Cowboys-Redskins November 30; 2017

First quarter
06:01:00	First 10	X	X	X

Second quarter
07:16:00	Second goal	X	X	X

Third quarter
11:04:00	First 10			X
	Prescott did not give up any bootleg keys. Notice how clean his bootleg was.
02:08:00	First 10			X
	Prescott did not give up any bootleg keys. Notice how clean his bootleg was.
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Dak Prescott pre snap keys Shotgun Pass Run Chargers November 23, 2017

	Prescott pre snap keys shotgun:
	Pass: - feet wider apart, about 1 ½ boot lengths
	- causes back thigh to lean away from line


Cowboys-Chargers November 23, 2017
Snap time	Down/Yards	Feet wider apart	Pass	Play action

Third quarter
7:49s	Third 7	X	X	Empty backfield, Just showing keys.
	Initial setup correct. On reset, did not reset, but called for ball immediately.
6:10nhs	Third 2	X		X
	Initial setup is for pass.
Audible:	Changes to run play. Notice back thigh now vertical. Feet are closer together. Approx 1 boot length
6:02nhs	Third 13	X	X
1:13s	Second 5	X	Prescott scrambles.

Fourth quarter
15:00s	First 10	X	X
14:35nhs	Second 6	X	X
14:29s	First 10
Initially:		X	X
	Back thigh is leaning away from line of scirmmage.				Back heel is flat.
Audible:		X
	Back thigh is more vertical. Caused by back heel being raised.
Reason:	More vertical back thigh makes handoff smoother process.
Prescott like Brady understands art of disguise. If he would reset with feet closer it could tip off his run key.
	Shows me, Prescott is well aware that his feet are normally closer together for run plays.
13:57nhs	Second 6	X	X		Empty backfield. Notice back heel down.
13:50nhs	Third 6	X	X		Empty backfield. Shown to view keys.
9:58s	First 10	X	X
9:35nhs	Second 3	X	X
9:03nhs	First 10	X	X
8:56nhs	Second 10	X	X		Empty backfield. Shown to view keys.
8:26nhs	Third 1	X	X	X
Prescott like Brady understands art of disguise. Gives final hand signals to right side receivers.
	Convinces defense right side is prime.


	Prescott pre snap keys shotgun:
	Run: - feet closer together, about 1 boot length
	- causes back thigh to appear more vertical, at times (totally vertical)


Cowboys-Chargers November 23, 2017
Snap time	Down/Yards	Feet closer	Run

Third quarter

6:10nhs	Third 2
Audible:		X	X
0:21nhs	Third 2	X	X

Fourth quarter
13:18nhs	First goal	X	X
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Prescott Pre Snap Keys Shotgun Pass Run Packers Oct 8 2017

	Prescott pre snap keys shotgun:
	Pass: - feet wider apart, about 1 ½ boot lengths
	- causes back thigh to lean away from line

Final setup prior to Prescott calling for snap is what is charted.


Cowboys-Packers October 8, 2017
Snap time	Down/Yards	Feet wider apart	Pass	Play action

First quarter
9:53s	Second 14		X
	Exception # 1 Prescott's feet are close together. Back thigh is vertical.
	Line and at least one receiver showing pass keys.
9:14s	First goal		X	X	See play action keys in Run section.
8:33s	Third goal	X	X
8:28s	First goal		X
	Exception # 2 Prescott showing run keys.
	Back is looking side to side for blocking purposes, so has to be a pass.

Second quarter
11:30s	Second 5	X	X
9:56s	Second 7	X	X

Fourth quarter
9:49s	First 10	X	X
8:37s	First 10	X	X
5:35s	Third 1		X
	Similar to 8:28s first quarter. Prescott shows run keys and rolls out.
3:39s	First 10	X	X
1:24s	Second 2		X	X
	As in 9:14s first quarter above, shows run keys for play action.

______________________________________________________________________________________

	Prescott pre snap keys shotgun:
	Run-play action: - feet closer together, about one boot length
	- causes back thigh to be more upright, at times vertical
	- lifts back heel when snap coming

Final setup prior to Prescott calling for snap is what is charted.


Cowboys-Packers October 8, 2017
Snap time	Down/Yards	Feet closer	Run

First quarter
11:45s	Third 2	X	X
	Notice, Prescott is in run setup even before he calls in back for shift to backfield.
9:09s	Second goal	X	X

Third quarter
9:08s	Second 10	X	X

Fourth quarter
6:18s	Second 5	X	X
2:00s	First 10	X	X
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McCown pre snap keys Shotgun Run/Play action verses Pass

	McCown pre snap keys shotgun:
	Run: - upper body leaning forward
	- feet close together

	Run-play action: - upper body upright
	- feet close together

	Pass: - upper body upright
	- feet apart

	Foot location as viewed from the side.


Jets-Raiders September 17, 2017

Second quarter (right elevation)
Snap time	Down/Yards	u.b. Lean F	u.b upright	Feet close	Feet apart	Run	Pass	Play action
9:15s	Third 2		X		X		X
	Audible to 10 Kerse and Kerse confirms with right hand.
7:46s	First 10	X		X		X
7:05s	Second 4		X		X		22 prime
	Audible to 22 Forte at the line.
	Empty backfield. Shown just to firm up consistency of pass setup.
6:23s	First 10		X		X		X
5:48s	Third 3		X		X		X
	Powell tipped off that he was prime by asking qb for direction just before snap.
	Pass went to Peake 17 instead.
4:39s	First 10		X	X		X
3:11s	Third 1		X	X			X	X


Jets-Bills November 2, 2017

Third quarter (right elevation)
7:26s	Second 10		X		X		X
6:54s	Third 6		X				X	X
	McCown brought left foot forward at the end, to facilitate play action.
0:29s	Third 11	X		X		X

Fourth quarter (left elevation)
13:56s	Third 14		X		X		Planned pass
	Time called
13:54s	Third 14		X		X		X
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Josh McCown pre snap keys Under center Pass

	Josh McCown pre snap keys under center:
	Pass: - left foot way back of right foot or
	- left toe even with right heel


PASS:
Jets-Raiders September 17, 2017
Snap time	Down/Yards	Left foot W.B. Right foot	Left toe E. with right heel	Pass

First quarter
04:07:00	First 10	X		X


Jets-Bills November 2, 2017

Third quarter
13:02:00	Second 11	X		X
10:35:00	Second 10	X	Sacked
10:15:00	First 10		X	Planned pass
	Procedure.
10:00:00	First 15	X		X
09:56:00	Second 15
Audible:		X		X
	On reset, McCown has left foot way back.
08:30:00	First 10	X		X
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Josh McCown pre snap keys Under center Counter rotation

	Josh McCown pre snap keys under center:
	Counter-rotation: - large overlap of feet, almost even


Jets-Raiders September 17, 2017
Snap time	Down/Yards	Large overlap of feet, almost even	Counter-rotation

Second quarter
10:35:00	First 10	X	X
05:32:00	First 10	X	X


Jets-Bills November 2, 2017

Third quarter (right elevation)
13:39:00	First 10	X	X

Fourth quarter (left elevation)
15:00:00	First 10	X	X
14:23:00	Second 15	X	X
11:26:00	First goal	X
	Exception # 1 clock rotation
	Forte shows counter left with wide pivot right (out of his set up).
08:11:00	Second 8	X	X
07:29:00	Third 8	X	X
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Josh McCown pre snap keys Under center Clock rotation

	Josh McCown pre snap keys under center:
	Clock rotation: - left toe overlaps right heel


Jets-Raiders September 17, 2017
Snap time	Down/Yards	Left toe overlaps right heel	Clock rotation

First quarter
03:53:00	Second 10	X	X

Second quarter
12:55:00	First 10	X	X


Jets-Bills November 2, 2017

Third quarter (right elevation)
05:13:00	First 10	X	X
04:22:00	First 10	X	X
02:26:00	First 10	X
	Exception # 1 quick pass left, instead of clock rotation for handoff
00:49:00	Third 1	X	X

Fourth quarter (left elevation)
09:43:00	Second 10	X	X
08:57:00	First 10	X	X
	Could not see McCown's feet, however right thigh forward of McCown's left thigh.
02:28:00	First 10	X	X
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Brian Hoyer pre snap keys 49ers Seahawks September 17, 2017

	Hoyer not tipping off runs:


49ers-Seahawks September 17, 2017
Snap time	Down/Yards

First quarter
7:56s	Third 1
	Hoyer does not tip off run, however:
	- there are at least two other players tipping off run. Will discuss at later date

Second quarter
0:53s	Second 10
	Hoyer does not tip off run, however:
	- at least one player tipping off run. Same one as in 7:56s (first quarter)
0:42s	Third 12
	Hoyer does not tip off run, however:
	- at least two players are tipping off run. One is the same one as 0:53s (second quarter)

Third quarter
2:06s	Third 16
	Hoyer does not tip off run, however:
	- one player continues to tip off plays

Fourth quarter
13:45s	Second 10
	Hoyer does not tip off run, however:
	- one player, who consistently tips off plays, tips off again

	To save myself time, re charting, will simply let 49ers know which player tips off runs.
	- after they make corrections, will disclose on blog
	- it's a common pre snap key that even 'pro bowlers' have given up
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Hoyer pre snap keys 49ers Rams September 21,2017

	Hoyer tipping off run plays:
	- these are not pre snap keys
	- more like gliches


49ers-Rams September 21, 2017
Snap time	Down/Yards

First quarter
10:10s	Second 3	Gut run
	In final setup, Hoyer turns right foot in towards running back, (make handoff easier)
	Compare with normal pass setup up 12:45s (third 10) First quarter
	Mostert 31 has left foot back to setup left foot pivot for a gut run.
	- a lot of players on other teams use this setup for gut runs (dead giveaway)

Second quarter
10:20s	Third 18	Gut run
	Hoyer reverses (front, back) foot setup, so right foot is forward
	- not his normal passing setup
	Hyde 28 has right foot back to setup right foot pivot for a gut run.
	This foot reversal was done by Ryan in Super Bowl.
	- Patriots 53 noticed it and made others aware (play was blown up)

Fourth quarter
4:56s	Second 5	Gut run
	hoyer reverses (front, back) foot setup, so right foot is forward
	Cannot see Hyde's feet but pivots back with foot closest to qb for a gut run.
	I am guessing either right foot back as opposed to right foot forward.
	- right foot forward used when going across qb from the left side

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Rivers pre snap keys Shotgun Run 2013

	Rivers pre snap keys Shotgun:
	Run: - back left toe turned in towards back, when back is on left side
Side view:	- feet are closer together, when back is on right side

	Pass: - back left foot forward, if back is on left side
Side view:	- feet are further apart if back is on right side

	I will just do some Run plays to show similarity.
	Pass plays were also no different than the more current games charted.

Chargers-Chiefs December 29, 2013
Snap time	Down/Yards	Left foot Left	Feet closer or overlap	Back left side	Back right side	Run	Play action

First quarter
12:30s	Second 4	X		X		X
11:27s	Second 6	X		X		X
3:21s	First 10			X		X
	Exception # 1 Have it as both feet forward, which would indicate pass.
	Woodhead focused immediately, which would show pre snap keys for run or Woodhead prime.
2:04s	First 10		X		X	X
1:26s	Second 4	X		X		X
0:47s	First 10		X		X	X

Fourth quarter
14:26s	First 10	X		X		X
4:17s	Second goal	X		X		Rivers	X

Overtime:
12:35s	First 10		X		X	X
12:09s	Second 7	X		X		X


Chargers-Cowboys September 29, 2013

Second quarter
9:46s	Third 21		X		X	X
7:38s	First 10		X	X
Audible:	Both feet forward with big foot separation. Pass keys. Pass play
7:03s	First 10		X		X	X

	Both of the above games, side back was on was not charted. Was charted in following way:
	Feet forward	Feet apart	Left foot toward back	Run	Pass	Play action
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Rivers pre snap keys Shotgun Pass Rams August 26, 2017

	Rivers pre snap keys shotgun:
	Run:
	- if back is on left side, Rivers turns left foot toward the left
Side view:	- if back is on right side, feet closer together than on pass plays
	- feet may even overlap

	The above will come into play in next game.


	Rivers pre snap keys shotgun:
	Pass:
Side view:	- if back on left side, left foot stays more forward
	- if back is on right side, feet further apart on pass plays


Chargers-Rams August 26, 2017
Snap time	Down/Yards	Left foot left	Left foot forward	Feet close	Feet further	Run	Pass	Play action

First quarter
13:38s	Second 2		X				X
	Back is on left side.
12:32s	Second 8		X				X
	Back is on left side.
5:00s	Second 4		X				X	X
	Back is on left side.
2:32s	Third 6		X				X
	Back is on left side.
	Obvious pass play. Just wanted to show 'left foot forward' consistency.

	There were no shotgun runs to chart in this game.
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Philip Rivers pre snap keys Shotgun Run Broncos September 11,2017

	Rivers pre snap keys shotgun:
	Run:
	- if back is on left side, Rivers turns left foot toward the left
Side view:	- if back is on right side, Rivers feet are closer together, even overlap

	This 'closer together' is in comparison to setup for pass plays.


Charger-Broncos September 11, 2017
Snap time	Down/Yards	Left foot left	Feet closer	Run	Back side R	Back side L

First quarter
11:50s	First 10		X	X	X
	Rivers last foot movement is to get right foot back further (get feet closer)
4:03s	Second 8	X		X		X
2:41s	First 10		X	X	X
	Replay shows good view of Rivers foot placement.
	Compare with foot placement on pass plays with back on right side.
1:07s	Second 10		X	X	X
0:24s	First 10	X		X		X

Second quarter
13:19s	First 10	Slight		X		X
	Exception # 1
	This is not a left foot forward. It's a tweener between both position.

Third quarter
15:00s	First 10		X	X	X
14:19s	Second 8	X		X		X
	Could not see Rivers' toe, however, profile of back of boot narrowed, so had to be a left turn.
	Replay confirmed 'left foot left'.

Fourth quarter
13:51s	First 10		X	X	X
9:31nhs	First s10	X		X		X
1:07nhs	Third 1	X		X		X
0:42s	Fourth 1
Initially:		X				X
Audible:			X	X	X
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Rivers pre snap keys Shotgun Pass Broncos September 11,2017

	Rivers pre snap keys shotgun:
	Pass:
	- if back on left side, left foot stays more forward
Side view:	- forwardness confirmed if bottom half of left boot bubbles out.
	- if left boot is turned left, the boot will have a straight line at the back of the boot
Side view:	- if back on right side, feet further apart


Chargers-Broncos September 11, 2017
Snap time	Down/Yards	Left foot forward	Feet further	Pass	Play action	Back side R	Back side L

Second quarter
12:04s	Third 2		X	X		X
4:47s	Second 8			X	X	X
	Feet closer together because of play action.
4:10s	Third 2	X		X			X
	Although feet further, not important. Left foot forward is the key when back is on left side.

Third quarter
10:27s	First 10	X		X			X
9:41s	Second 17		X	X		X

Fourth quarter
15:00s	First 10	X		X			X
	It may appear that Rivers turned left foot left, however:
	If left foot is forward, the bottom half of the back of left shoe, bubbles outwards.
13:12s	Second 12	Play in progress
10:37s	First 10		X	X		X
10:33s	Second 10		X	X		X
10:08nhs	First 10			X	X		X
	Exception # 1
	Left foot turns to the left, as in run plays. Play action from left side.
8:56nhs	Second 6	X		X			X
	On pass plays, Rivers has left foot forward or slightly toed out. Here foot is slightly toed out.
	Compare with 10:08nhs above where there is a 'left foot left' as in run plays.
4:07s	First 10		X	X		X
3:56s	Second 10		X	X		X
2:00s	First 10	X		X			X
	Again, left foot is slightly toed out, but not lots like for run plays.

	Except for 1:07nhs Fourth quarter and 0:42s Fourth quarter all pass plays.
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Andy Dalton pre snap keys Run-Prime Direction 2013

	Dalton pre snap keys play direction:
	Run-prime: - last look opposite to side play goes

	The reason there are so few pre snap keys re Direction.
	- was following a lot of other pre snap keys and this just kept turning up
	- therefore I decided to chart it for part of the game

Bengals-Colts December 8, 2013
Snap time	Down/Yards	Last look left	Last look right	Run-prime left	Run-prime right	Pass left	Pass right

First quarter
06:58:00	First 10	X			X
02:56:00	First 20		X	X

Second quarter
13:30:00	Second 1		X	X
12:47:00	First 10	X	X
	Exception # 1

	Didn't bother with qb audibles in this game. Film gone, so can't recheck 12:47 Second quarter
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Dalton pre snap keys Pass Direction 2013

	Dalton pre snap keys play direction:
	Pass: - last look same side as pass play


Snap time	Down/Yards	Last look left	Last look right	Run-prime left	Run-prime right	Pass left	Pass right

First quarter
8:58s	Third 3		X				X
5:47s	Third 3	X				X
03:46:00	First 10		X				X
03:03:00	First 10		X				X
2:13s	Second 20		X				X
2:08s	Third 20	X				X

Second quarter
14:07s	First 10	X				X
12:06:00	First 10		Most right side				X

	If many looks to one side (looks and small peeks) then even if there was a small peek left:
	- it would not have been important re pre snap keys
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Andy Dalton pre snap keys Run-Prime Direction

	Dalton pre snap keys play direction:
	Run-prime: - opposite side of last look

	Looks start getting charted when Dalton puts right arm under center.

	Dalton looks for player shifts (start and finish) are not counted.

RUN-PRIME
Bengals-Texans September 14, 2017

Snap time	Down/Yards	Last look R	Last look L	Pass right	Pass left	Run-prime R	Run-prime L
First quarter
13:59:00	First 10		X			X
10:07:00	First 10		X			X
09:42:00	Second 5	X					X
04:46:00	First 15		X				End around left.
	Exception # 1 Do not have any end around charted from previous years, so maybe not an exception.

Second quarter
15:00s	Second 8	X					X
09:40:00	Second 7		X				X
	Exception # 2 Another end around.
8:47s	First 10		X			X
8:24s	Second 7		X			X
08:04:00	Third 2		X			X
05:16:00	First 10		X			X

Third quarter	Not done

Fourth quarter
12:14s	Second 11		X	Prime
09:48:00	Second 10		X				X
	Exception # 3 re direction of run only. There are several pre snap keys making this a run.
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Dalton pre snap keys Pass Direction


	Dalton pre snap keys play direction:
	Pass: - same side as last look


PASS:
Bengals-Texans September 14, 2017
Snap time	Down/Yards	Last look R	Last look L	Pass right	Pass left	Run-prime R	Run-prime L

First quarter
13:24:00	Second 5		X		X
8:59s	Third 3		X		X
05:13:00	First 10		X		X
01:19:00	First 10	X		X
0:38s	First 10		X		X
	Last look left is a small peek (helmet rotation) as Dalton is bending forward for upcoming snap.

Second quarter
14:27s	Third 13		X	X
Audible:	Dalton looked at Green twice and the last look had both players confirming play with hand signals.
	Dalton's last look left would have been a contrived look for distraction (not an automatic pre snap key) look.
4:48s	Third 3	X			X
	11 confirmed audible with hand to mask. The signal from Dalton was not difficult to see, so:
	Texan safety 43 took a few steps forward (pre snap) to let others know.
	Like 14:27s above, Dalton had a contrived look to the right for distraction.
0:50s	First 10		X		X
0:30s	Second 5	X		X
Audible:	As 85 is running across Dalton, Dalton touches his arm and bends close to Eifert 85 for verbal signal.
	Texans noticed it, and had two early defenders with prime and two backups further down the field.
0:24s	First 10		X	X	Planned left, Dalton got flushed out of pocket.
0:16s	First 10	X		X
	In slow mo you can see two small last peeks right. In normal time you can see the first of two.
	On playing field easier to see than on small screen.
0:12s	Second 10		X		Planned left, Dalton got flushed out of pocket.

Third quarter	Due to previous page and above consistency, will skip Third quarter.

Fourth quarter
11:30s	Third 5		X	X
Audible:	Again, an obvious audible, this time to 11on right side, so contrived distracting look to left side.
09:53:00	First 10		X		X
1:50s	First 10		X		X
1:45s	First 10	X		X
1:42s	Second 10	X		X
1:20s	Third 4		X		Planned left, Dalton got flushed out of pocket.
1:13s	Fourth 9		X		X
	It is important for quarterback to devise distracting signals (like an illusionist) for audibles.
	Baseball is a good example where everyone does it. Some quarterbacks like Brady do it well.
	Basically distract an audience (defense) and pull a rabbit out of a hat (audible).
	Illusionists (experts in the field) using hands, could demonstrate some basic ways of disguise.
	Teams already use experts in many fields eg sports psychologists, so why not illusionists.
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Brady Pre Snap Keys Run Pass


	Brady, the greatest quarterback the NFL has ever known, used to tip off plays.

	Why and how?

	Muscle menory is the reproduction of body movement, without conscious thought.
	- in sports, if you repeat actions, and are successful in reaching objectives:
	The brain will memorize these actions so you do them automatically.

	Obviously, whatever Brady did was very successful, so actions became automatic.

Note:	The following pre snap keys are valid as early as 2005, but are not currently valid.

	Brady pre snap keys for RUN in 2005:
	- on walkup from huddle, scan slowly side to side
	- under center, eye movement, if any, is slow and with helmet rotation

	Brady pre snap keys for PASS in 2005
	- on walkup from huddle, eyes scanning quickly, side to side
	- under center, eye movement has quick side movements
	- eye flashes to get longer directional looks

	In 2006 Brady made some small changes on the walkup.

	Run: - on walkup from huddle, little or no head movement

	Pass: - on walkup from huddle, slight or lots of side to side head movement

Note:	Blending of pre snap keys is starting, but could still see differences.

Since walkup pre snap keys were so easy to distinguish, will only chart Brady when already under cente.

Patriots-Falcons October 9, 2005


Snap time	Slow with rotation	Quick side moves	Eye flashes	Run	Pass
1^st quarter
02:41:00	X			X

4^th quarter
11:13:00				X
	No side to side eye movement just prior to snap.
02:57:00			X		X
	Eyes move ahead of side movement of Brady's helmet rotation.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



	Brady Pre Snap Keys Run Direction and side of Prime Receiver

	Like all quarterbacks, Brady looks at the play clock, when under centre.
	As early as 2005, Brady would look at play clock, then look to side play was not going.

	Clock looks showed bottom whites of Brady's eyes.

	Brady pre snap keys RUN DIRECTION in 2005:
	- side Brady looked at after looking at play clock (side run was not going)

	Brady pre snap keys SIDE OF PRIME RECEIVER in 2005:
	- side Brady looked at after looking at play clock (side prime receiver was not on)

	Determines side of prime receiver only, pass could be that side, up middle or a crosser.

	Brady would look at (PRIME and RUN side) then clock, then (WRONG SIDE)

Patriots-Falcons October 9, 2005
Snap time	Pre clock left	Pre clock right	Run left	Run right	Prime left	Prime right
1^st quarter
03:28:00		X				Planned x
03:19:00	X
	Atlanta shifts to Brady's left where he was intending to pass.
	Audibles to a run left		X

	For Buffalo's first game against New England in 2006, my notes read, and I quote:
	“In 2005 I could not find exceptions to Brady's eye activity”.

	Could not work out a deal, so prior to Bill-Patriots second game in 2006:
	- Belichick was given Corey Dillon pre snap keys, so corrections could be made.

	Note Bills total confusion on first three plays:
	Patriots used Dillon's run keys for pass plays and pass keys for run plays.

	In 2005, Dillon's original pre snap keys were very straight forward.
	Setup: runs had a three step setup (left, right left)
	Setup location:
	- runs were approximately 5 yards (Dillon's helmet to back of Brady)
	- pass plays approximately 4 yards (Dillon's helmet to back of Brady)

	Did first four games for Bills in 2006.
	- average points against for the 4 games was 16.5
	Extended over 16 games would have been 264 points against
	- would have made them 3^rd best points against in 2006
	At time I was doing Bills, their defense had a lot of key injuries.

	In 2005, did Broncos last 11 games starting with Patriots, Oct. 16, 2005.
	Did Bronco playoffs as well.
	Broncos were tied for 3^rd with 258 points against.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Peyton Manning Pre Snap Keys Side of Prime

	Manning's last look prior to snap is to side prime receiver is on.

	Under centre
	1	Noticeable head turn or
	2	Last sneak peek

	Shotgun
	1	Noticeable head turn or
	2	Last sneak peek
		A	Before knee lifts
		B	During final knee lift (harder to notice)
	Manning will sometime rotate head and jerk it backwards. Prime is on side he is facing.

Note:	If backfielder prime and is a wideout:
	Manning's last look has been opposite of side of wideout.
	Have not seen any exceptions to this.

	Still readable, if backfielders show pre snap keys (prime), which they do.

	Quick passes set up with two small peeks to that side
	1	First small peek to one side is (whatever)
	2	A second small peek to same side means (quick pass)

	A lot of qb's use variables of this.

Note:	Looks for player movement do not count.
Eg	-look to the right to initiate player shift, followed by look to left to confirm player is set

	Manning's pre snap keys last look had the odd exception in the past:
	Skins-Colts October 19, 2010.

	It kept evolving to point where Manning used (last look prime side) exclusively.
	Colts-Jets Jan. 9, 2011.


Colts-Jets Jan. 9, 2011		Confirmation of pre snap keys.
	No exceptions in first half.
	Second quarter 14:49 s was not an exception.
	Last look was right and pass was to Tamme 84 left.
	This was a hot read. Wayne 87 was prime.

Broncos-Seahawks Aug. 18, 2012 (pre season)
2^nd quarter
0:21s and 0.17s (only exceptions seen of prime side pre snap keys):

Suspect Seahawks read the above pre snap keys in Super Bowl win.
	I spot checked a few plays in this game and saw no exceptions.
	No involvement. Just curious.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Culpepper Pre Snap Keys Pass

	With a defense, riddled with injuries, Bills sacked Culpepper 7 times.

Note:	Bills averaged 2 sacks per game for other 15 games.
	Dolphins allowed 2.27 sacks per game for other 15 games.

	Culpepper pre snap keys:
	Pass: - scans

Scanning defined: - quarterback slowly looking side to side, like a movie camera, taking everything in

	Charted only plays where Culpepper looks vs scans could be differenciated.

Dolphins-Steelers Sept. 7, 2006
	Side to side
Snap time	Scanning	Pass
1^st quarter
14:16:00	X	X

2^nd quarter
12:27:00	X	X
10:35:00	X	X
08:23:00	X	X
07:57:00	X	X
06:03:00	X	X

3^rd quarter
10:03:00	X	X
06:37:00	X	X

4^th quarter
11:58:00	X	X
11:53:00	X	X
11:16:00	X	X
09:18:00	X	X
08:46:00	X	Qb scrabbles
05:57:00	X	X

	Accuracy: 14/14 =100%

Play action passes: - 2 looks and 1 scan

	Culpepper also tipped off quick passes if corner was playing far off line of scrimmage.
	- had it diagnosed, so had play designed to get a pick 6
	- Culpepper tried it once and only once (saw how close Bill's came to a pick 6)








	Daunte Culpepper pre snap keys run:
	Run: - looks

Looks defined: - quick jerky motion where head goes too fast to see everything

Dolphins-Steelers Sept. 7, 2006

Snap time	Looks	Run
1^st quarter
14:54:00	X	X
14:07:00	X	X
13:44:00	X	X
07:18:00	X	Run blocking with a pass play.	Exception # 1

2^nd quarter
11:48:00	X	X
11:16:00	X	X
05:25:00	X	X

3^rd quarter
09:34:00	X	X
08:29:00	X	X
07:40:00	X	Run blocking with a pass play.	Exception # 2
07:23:00	X	X
06:16:00	X	X

4^th quarter
10:07:00	X	X
08:15:00	X	X
07:11:00	X	X

	Accuracy: 13/15 = 87%

Cutler Pre Snap Keys Run Prime Direction

	Cutler pre snap keys run-prime direction:
	Run-prime: - left of centre
		- Cutler's last look pre snap is left
				Accuracy: 17/20 = 85%
	Run-prime: - right of centre
	- Cutler's last look pre snap is right
Note:	There may not be any exceptions (see 8:04 2^nd quarter, Vikings-Bears)
Direction defined: 1		- runs starting and finishing on same side of centre
	2	- side of centre that counter runs finish on
	3	- side of centre that backfielder prime finish on

	Any looks involving player shifts and resets do not count.
	Looks that are obviously caused defensive player movement, do not count.

	Only plays with left and right looks are charted.
	- last look can happen before or after Cutler looks for (shift and reset) if any

Vikings-Bears Oct. 16, 2011
	Last look	Last look	Run-prime direction	Run-prime direction
Snap time	Left	Right	Left	Right
1^st quarter
13:00:00	X		X
11:21:00	X		X
	Just before snap, Cutler looks rigth, (triggered by player movement)
10:44:00	X		X
09:42:00	X		X
06:50:00	X		X
06:01:00		X		X
	Looking right, then Cutler jerked head to the right for player shift.

2^nd quarter
12:31:00	X		Counter X
11:52:00		X		X
08:04:00	X			X
Exception #1: - film gone, so can't check to see if run started from left. Same with other 2 exceptions.
00:43:00	X		Planned draw X	X

Bucs-Bears Oct 23, 2011
	Last look	Last look	Run-prime direction	Run-prime direction
Snap time	Left	Right	Left	Right
1^st quarter
15:00:00	X		Counter X
14:21:00		X		Prime R
10:44:00	X		X
10:08:00	X		X
08:53:00		X		X
06:02:00	X		X
00:24:00		X		Prime R
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Pennington Pre Snap Keys Run

	Pennington pre snap keys:
	Runs: - looks

Looks defined: - quick, jerky motion where head goes too fast to see everything

	Pass: -scanning

Scanning defined: - quarterback slowly looking side to side, to study in detail what defense is showing.

Jets-Patriots Sept. 17, 2016
Snap time	Looks	Run
1^st quarter
12:39:00	X	X	Just one quick look.
05:29:00	X	X
05:05:00	X	X	Exception # 1
Soft exception: - a little scanning, but looks dominated.

2^nd quarter
11:42:00	X	X
06:16:00	X	X
05:29:00	X	X

3^rd quarter
14:54:00	X	X
14:33:00	X	X
13:17:00	X	X
12:57:00	X	X
12:08:00	X	X
11:46:00	X	X
08:50:00	X	X

4^th quarter
07:32:00	X	X
04:06:00	X	X
02:47:00	X	X	Exception # 2
Soft exception: - a little scanning, but looks dominated.

4^th quarter
13:30:00	X	X
10:49:00	X	X

	Accuracy: 16/18 = 89%
	As noted, the two exceptions were of a soft variety, with a tickle of scanning dominated by looks.
Other pre snap key stats:
	Last look = side of run 80%
	Last look in shotgun = side of prime 67% (meaningless, accuracy too low)

	However, Pennington's first look after snap almost always became his only choice for side of prime.
	- since patterns are normally run with hi-lo choices, that's where he'd go.

Chad Pennington Pre Snap Keys Pass

	Pennington pre snap keys:
	Pass: - scanning
Scanning defined: - qb slowly looking side to side, study in detail what defense is showing

Jets-Patriots Sept 17, 2006
Snap time	Scanning	Pass
1st quarter
13:21:00	X	X
13:14:00	X	X
13:08:00		X
	Pass expected. 3^rd and 4.
11:44:00		X
	Pass expected. 3^rd and 4.
03:43:00	X	X
02:57:00	X	X

2^nd quarter
13:15:00	X	X
12:56:00	X	X
10:59:00	X	X
10:30:00	X	X
04:48:00	X	X
03:54:00	X	X

3^rd quarter
08:23:00	X	X
08:08:00	X	X
04:17:00	X	X
03:12:00	X	X
01:19:00	X	X

4^th quarter
14:38:00	X	X
14:23:00	X	X
12:14:00	X	X

	Accuracy: 18/20 = 90%
	However, the two looks were obvious pass plays so accuracy 100%.

	Last look in shotgun = side of prime 67% (meaningless, accuracy too low)

	Pennington's first look after snap, most times choice for side of prime
	- since patterns are normally run with hi-lo choices, that's where he'd go.

Eli Manning Pre Snap Keys Backfielder Run Prime Direction

	Manning pe snap keys when under STRESS:

	First couple series of a game give Manning indication of how things will go.
	If it's a tough go, then the following applies.

	Run-backfielder prime:
		- eye flash in same direction as run backfielder prime
	- last look in opposite direction of run-backfielder prime

Eye flash defined: -turning eyes in either direction
	- ahead of helmet rotation, to get a longer look in that direction
	- to look in either direction without helmet rotation

Last look defined: - direction of last look (helmet rotation) pre snap

Eagles-Giants December 7, 2008

Snap time	Down/Yards	Flash left	Flash right	L look left	L look right	Run left	Run right	Prime left	Prime right
1^st quarter
04:31:00	1^st 10			X			X
04:21:00	2^nd 1				X	X

2^nd quarter
14:46:00	2^nd 10			X			X
13:56:00	1^st 10			X			X
		Did not see whole setup.
13:22:00	1st 10			X					X
Note:	All looks and peeks count except for player shifting.
	Manning looks to side player is on and looks to side player ends up.
13:05:00	2^nd 10			X			X
10:51:00	2^nd 3		X				X
	Eyes flashed right, run right.
07:14:00	2^nd 10	X				X
	Just prior to snap, Manning looks left with eye flash.
	That is the most accurate tip off of run direction.

Eagles-Giants January 11, 2009
3^rd quarter
13:57:00	1^st 10			X			X
13:16:00	2^nd 5			X					X
	Manning looked first at Ward, when Manning gave signal with arms in the air.
	Ward runs toward the pass to do a version of an end around with a pass.
	Ward prime, so look is opposite of backfielder prime.
07:39:00	1^st 10			X			X
05:16:00	2^nd 10		X				X
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


	Eli Manning Side of Prime Receiver:
	Manning pre snap keys when under stress:
	Pass: last look prior to snap is side of prime
		- can be pass to side of last look or
		- crosser that originates on side of last look

Eagles-Giants December 7, 2008

Snap time	Down/Yards	L look left	L look right	Prime left	Prime right	Pass left	Pass right
14:55:00	1^st 10						X
	No real looks left or right, cause Manning going long. Not necessary.
	There were only looks for player movement.
14:36:00	3^rd 5	X				X
	Manning had couple looks left, then a distracting right look.
	The final little look left, just prior to the snap cinched (pass left).
12:36:00	3^rd 4	X					X
	Exception # 1
09:56:00	3^rd 6	X				X
07:02:00	3^rd 6	X				X

Eagles-Giants January 11, 2009
3td quarter
12:42:00	3^rd 5	X				X
06:36:00	3^rd 5		X				X
	Manning spends most of his time checking out right side.
	The two peeks left are for checking for a possible blitzer.
05:22:00	1^st 10	X			Planned x	X
	The play was backfielder prime to Hedgecock who was covered.
	That would make a last look left and a prime right.
	Ended up with a left pass.

	Accuracy: 18/19 = 95%
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

McNair Pre Snap Keys Run Direction


	Steve McNair showed how truly great he was in 2006.
	- one of the main reasons for 6 – 10 2005 season turning into
			13 – 3 2006 season for the Baltimore Ravens

	Unlike Eli Manning, who showed play direction when under stress:

	Steve McNair showed play direction when in the zone, (in rhythm).
	- only valid if McNair was under cente

	Football, like all sports, is a mental game, with many ways to achieve greatness.

	Steve McNair pre snap keys:
	Run: - last look pre snap opposite direction of run

Last look defined: last pre snap helmet rotation pre snap (any side movement from straight ahead)

Ravens-Pittsburgh December 24, 2006
		Last look	Last look	Run	Run
Snap time	Down/Yards	Left	Right	Left	Right
1^st quarter
02:49:00	1^st 10	X			X
02:22:00	2^nd 7		X	X

2^nd quarter
09:34:00	1^st 10	X			X
08:03:00	1st 10	X			Counter right
07:28:00	1st 10	X			X

3^rd quarter
12:28:00	1st 10	X			Counter right

Red zone: no tendencies

















	Steve McNair pre snap keys Pass Direction and Same Direction as Prime Reciever if Crosser:
	Pass: - last look same direction as pass or
	- same direction as prime receiver if crosser

Ravens-Pittsburgh December 24, 2006
		Last look	Last look	Pass	Pass
Snap time	Down/Yards	Left	Right	Left	Right
1^st quarter
02:05:00	3rd 5		X		X

2^nd quarter
13:08:00	1^st 10	X		X
12:18:00	2^nd 8		X		X
11:42:00	3^rd 8	X		X
09:58:00	1^st 10		X		X
08:33:00	2^nd 10		X		Cross from right
06:21:00	2^nd 10		X		X

3^rd quarter
14:53:00	1st 10	X			X
	Exception # 1
14:14:00	1st 10	X		Cross from left
13:21:00	2^nd 6	X		X
11:58:00	2^nd 8		X		X
11:18:00	1st 10	X		X

Note:	Up the gut runs and passes down the middle (not an exception or proof)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Stafford Pre Snap Keys Run Prime Packers Jan 1 2017


	Stafford pre snap keys shotgun:
Side view:	Run: - left toe even with or
	- overlaps right heel

Packers-Lions Jan. 1, 2017
		Left toe even with or	Left toe
Snap time	Down/Yards	Overlaps right heel	Back of right foot	Run-prime	Pass	Play action
1^st quarter (right elevation)
15:00s	1^st 10	X		X
9:59s nh	1^st 10	X		X
9:29s nh	2^nd 6	X		X
6:19s	1^st 10	X		X
4:55s nh	2^nd 1	X		X
4:25s nh	3^rd 1	X		X
3:16s nh	1^st 10	X		X
2:02s	1^st 10	Exception # 1	X	X
1:03s	2^nd 17	X		X
2^nd quarter (left elevation)
10:12s nh	1^st 10	X		X
8:29s nh	1^st 10	X	End around	X
7:59s	2^nd 3	X		X
7:32s nh	1^st 10	X		X
2:31s	1^st 10	X		X
1:34s nh	1^st 10	Exception # 2	X	X
Initially:	34 looking side to side for blocking.		X		Planned x
Audible:	34 now focued		X	X
	Toe-heel stagger closed considerably but small stagger left.
0:39s nh	3^rd 1	Exception # 3	X	X
Obvious run play.
3^rd quarter (left elevation)
9:18s	1^st 10	X		X
1:38s	1^st 10	X		X
0:36s	1^st 10	Exception # 4	X	X
4^th quarter (right elevation)
9:56s	1^st 10	X		X	Fake end around

	Regarding the 4 exceptions:
	- exception # 1 (legit exception)
	- exception # 2 (started as a pass play then audibled to run
	- when Stafford audibled to run, did not overlap feet, which would give away run
	- exception # 3 (obvious run play)
	- exception # 4 (legit exception)

	Accuracy: 16/18 = 89% with two exceptions explained away





	Stafford pre snap keys Pass Packers Jan. 1, 2017:
Side view:	Pass: - left toe back of right foot

Packers-Lions Jan. 1, 2017
		Left toe even with or	Left toe
Snap time	Down/Yards	Overlaps right heel	Back of right foot	Run-prime	Pass	Play action
1st quarter (right elevation)
14:32s nh	2^nd 4		X		X
10:24s	1^st 10		X		X
5:29s nh	1^st 10		X		X
3:50s nh	1^st 10		X		X	X
2:41s nh	2^nd 9		X	Prime	X	X
1:27s nh	2^nd 7		X		X	X
0:27s nh	3^rd 15		X		X	X
2^nd quarter (left elevation)
10:41s	1^st 10		X		X
9:32s nh	2^nd 10		X		X	X
6:55s	2^nd 10		X		Planned x	Sacked
5:07s nh	2^nd goal		X		X
2:00s	2^nd 8		X		X
1:54s nh	1^st 10		X		X
1:49s	2^nd 10		X		X
1:42s nh	1^st 10		X	Prime	Screen
1:04s nh	2^nd 6		X		X
0:37s	1^st 10		X		X
00:23:00	1^st goal		X		X
3rd quarter (left elevation)
8:38s nh	2^nd 5		X	Prime	X
7:56s nh	1^st 10		X		X
7:50s nh	2^nd 10	X			X	X
		Exception # 1
1:00s nh	2^nd 11		X		X
4th quarter (right elevation)
15:00s	2^nd 13		X		X	X
9:19s nh	2^nd 5		X		X	X
8:47s nh	1^st 10		X		X	X
8:01s nh	1^st 10		X		X
7:58s nh	2^nd 10		X		X

	Coach, only Exceptions # 1, #4 in run section and # 1 in pass section.
		Run 16/18	Pass 26/27
		89.00%	96.00%

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Matthew Stafford Pre Snap Keys Pass Seahawks Jan. 7, 2017

Note:	Minor pre snap keys adjustment from previous game. Easy to pick up.

	Couple observations:
	- Seahawks had pre snap keys of run and pass Packers Jan 1, 2017
	- Seahawks had pre snap keys of how run direction was being tipped off

	Stafford pre snap keys shotgun or pistol:
Side view:	Pass: - left toe even with or back of right heel

Side view:	Play action: - feet overlap (same as run)
Definitions:	- s = shotgun
	- p = pistol
	- elevation = side of field Lions defending
Seahawks-Lions Jan. 7, 2017

Snap time	Down/Yards	Pass pre snap keys	Pass	Play action
1^st quarter (left elevation)
14:22s	2^nd 7		X	X
	Left heel back of right heel (about 8”) - common setup if Zenner on left side of qb for run
14:20s	3^rd 7	X	X
12:41p	1^st 10	X	X
10:47s	2^nd 3	X	Planned x	No play
9:52s	2^nd 8	X	X
j9:12s	3^rd 1	X	X
3:58s	2^nd 9	X	X
3:53s	3^rd 9	X	Planned x	No play
3:53s	3^rd 4	X	X
2:32p	2^nd 8		X
Exception #1:	Left heel back of right heel (about 4”) qb counter rotation (fake pitch left) bootleg
1:58s	1st 10	X	X
0:30s	3^rd 3	X	Planned x	Qb scrambles

3^rd quarter (left elevation)
8:57s	2^nd 6	X	X
8:23s	3^rd 4	X	X
7:43s	1st 10		X	X
	Left heel back of right heel (about 2”) - common setup if Zenner on right side of qb for run
6:51s	2^nd 9	X	X
6:03p	1^st 10	X	X
4:42s	2^nd 8	X	X
4:14s	3^rd 2	X	X

Note:	Backfielder prime and dump pass are not separated. However, easy to distinguish.

	In many cases, play action confusion can be negated by:
	- backfielder run-prime keys
	- receiver prime keys
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	Matthew Stafford pre snap keys Run Seahawks Jan 7, 2017:
Side view:	Run: - feet overlap

Seahawks-Lions Jan. 7, 2017

Snap time	Down/Yards	Feet overlap	Run
1^st quarter (left elevation)
15:00s	1^st 10	X	X
12:38p	2^nd 10	X	X
11:57p	1st 10	X	X
11:27p	1^st 5	X	X
4:39p	1^st 10	X	X
3:13s	1^st 10	X	X
1:16p	2^nd 3	X	X

3^rd quarter (left elevation)
9:36p	1^st 10	X	X
7:36p	1^st 10	X	X
5:25p	1^st 10	X	X

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Brady Pre Snap Keys Run Direction and side of Prime Receiver

Daunte Culpepper pre snap keys run:

Eli Manning Side of Prime Receiver:

Steve McNair pre snap keys Pass Direction and Same Direction as Prime Reciever if Crosser:

Stafford pre snap keys Pass Packers Jan. 1, 2017:

Matthew Stafford pre snap keys Run Seahawks Jan 7, 2017: